Prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and thyroid hormones deficiency in neonatal jaundice

G6PD deficiency is the most common inherited metabolic disorder and clinically significant red cell enzyme defect in man. Severe neonatal jaundice proved to be the most common clinical manifestation and a globally important most dangerous consequence of G6PD deficiency. Prolonged jaundice is sometimes associated with congenital hypothyroidism. So the early characterization of G6PD activity and thyroid hormone levels provides an etiological diagnosis for neonatal jaundice as well as the opportunity to give the newborn's family information concerning hemolytic crisis prevention and an early management in case of hypothyroidism. This study was conducted in an attempt to evaluate the prevalence of G6PD deficiency and hypothyroidism in relation to neonatal physiological hyperbilirubinemia. The study included 50 neonates aged between 6 hr - 5 days, forty infants had jaundice and the other ten [control], were healthy neonates, matching the same age. All infants of the study were subjected to C-RP test, routine hematological evaluation, and serum total bilirubin levels, quantitative red blood cells G6PD assay and thyroid hormone levels. All the fifty cases of both jaundiced and healthy neonates were negative for C-RP test indicating that the 40 cases had physiological jaundice .The study revealed that G6PD enzyme was lower than normal level in 2 cases [5%]. TSH level was found to be higher than normal in 13 jaundiced neonates out of 40 [33%]. Seven jaundiced neonates [18%] had T4 hormone lower than normal while all the 40 jaundiced cases had normal T3 level. Correlation of the total bilirubin was significant with TSH and T3 at 0.05 levels, while there was no significance with both T4 and G6PD. statistically there was no correlation between bilirubin and both G6PD enzyme and thyroid hormones, but the incidence of hypothyroidism in this study was high [18%] and the incidence of G6PD deficiency was [5%]. This indicates a role of G6PD deficiency and hypothyroidism in developing neonatal jaundice among neonates. So, early neonatal screening program is recommended for early management

Immunological study of otitis media with effusion in children

Otistis media with effusion [OME] is one of the most common health problems seen in children [Kirglu et al., 2003].This study was undertaken to evaluate beta2-M levels in serum and effusion of the middle ear in patients with OME to determine whether there was any alterations which may shed a light on the pathogenesis of this disease. The present study was carried out on 30 patients [36 ears] with otitis media with effusion [OME] who were admitted to ENT Departments of Al-Azhar University Hospitals. The patients were given an interval of 3 weeks after diagnosis and before surgical interference to give them a chance for resolution with medical treatment. Those with persistent effusion were selected for the study. Diagnosis was done by a complete case history, clinical examination and audiological examination. Determination of beta2-M in the sera and MEE of patients with OME and the sera of normal controls showed that their mean values +/- SD were: 1.85 +/- 0.9, 3.57 +/- 2.41, 1.73 +/- 0.67 mg/l respectively. The mean concentration of beta2-M in serum of normal controls, serum and "MEE" of preschool age: 1.48 +/- 0.55, 1.5 +/- 0.58 and 3.18 +/- 2.1 mg/l respectively. The mean beta2-M value in serum and middle ear effusion in children with mucoid type were: 1.91 +/- 0.93 and 2.68 +/- 1.91 mg/l respectively. There was no correlation of the beta2-M levels with respect to the patients age, sex or MEE type. [2-M was detected in 100% of "MEE" samples and serum samples

Electrophoretic changes in both rhinoscleroma and allergic rhinitis patients

The goal of this study was throw some light on the changes of the electrophoretic pattern in the patients with rhinoscleroma and allergic rhinitis and on the possible changes of the serum iron and copper in the same patients. This study was carried on forty patients as a study group which subdivided into two groups: group [A] twenty patients suffering from rhinoscleroma and group [B] twenty patients suffering from allergic rhinitis, this group was picked up from E.N.T clinic. Ten normal persons were taken as a control group which matched with the diseased group. The results of this study demonstrated that in the rhinoscleroma group [Group A], there was highly significant increase in the mean level of alpha globulin in about of 70% of cases rather than the control group and also there was decrease in the mean level of gamma glublin in about of 40% of cases in comparison with the control group and insignificant increase of beta glublin and there was no statistically difference between protein, albumin and alpha 2. Also this results showed that in the allergic rhinitis group [Group B], there was highly significant increase in the mean level of alpha 2 in about of 75% of cases of also increase of alpha 1 in about 30% of cases and decrease of level of beta in about of 30% of cases with no significant difference between group [B] and the control group in the mean level of the total protein, albumin and gamma globulin. This study found that the mean level of iron was decreased in the group of rhinoscleroma than the control group but present in around of its normal level in the group of allergic rhinitis. On the other hand, this study found that the mean of serum copper was increased in both groups than the control group

Effect of tonsillectomy operation on the body immunological mechanism

The palatine tonsils play an important role in immunologic surveillance and resistance to infection in the upper aerodigestive tract [Gorfien et al., 2001]. T and B lymphocytes were quantitatively estimated in the peripheral blood of 50 patients pretonsillectomy and 3 months postoperatively by E-rosette and E-A rosette tests respectively. There was statistically significant decrease in E-rosette and E-A rosette percent postoperatively. Age and sex of patients had no statistical significant effects on the result. These results may give an idea about the importance of the tonsils as a tissue sharing in the immunological mechanism of the body. In a review of long-term follow-up studies, the authors showed that while tonsillectomy may lead to certain changes in the cellular and humoral immune system, these alterations are clinically insignificant and no increased frequency of immunomodulated diseases should be expected [PouLussen, et al., 2000]

Chemical and bacteriological survey in some cases of otitis media with effusion

Otitis media with effusion is one of the most common chronic conditions of childhood [Postsic et al., 1997]. Management of Otitis media with effusion [OME], consists of adenoidectomy, middle ear irrigation and post operative antibiotics, with Grommet Tube insertion gave a significant better cure rate of OME than using only one of these three methods with Grommet tube insertion or performing Grommet tube insertion alone. This were evaluated clinically and bacteriologically in 25 children with OME and found a significant relationship between positive bacterial cultures and endotoxin

Some haematological findings in allergic rhinitis patients

To investigate the hematological changes in allergic rhinitis as electrophoretic pattern, serum iron and copper, 20 patients suffered from allergic rhinitis with polyps and 10 healthy subjects as controls with matched age and sex were selected for this study. A highly significant increase in the mean level of alpha 2 in about 75% of the cases and an increase in alpha 1 in about 30% of the cases with no significant difference between the mean level of total protein, albumin and gamma globulin in both groups were found. The mean serum level iron was decreased, while the mean serum level of copper was increased in all allergic patients compared with the controls. Thus, it was concluded that electrophoretic changes as well as serum iron and copper levels changes could have a role in the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis with polyps

Aetiology of bloody diarrhoea in infancy and preschool children

This study of bloody diarrhea was performed to elucidate the relative frequency of etiological pathogenes, the clinical and epidemiological profile of these cases. Stool samples were collected from all infants and preschool children up to 5-year old attending DDRRC suffering from bloody diarrhea without antibiotic therapy. All samples were subjected to laboratory tests. It was found that the number of cases positive for shigella or salmonella in bloody or watering diarrhea was low. Campylobacter positive cases were relatively high in bloody and watering diarrhea